Product Ingredients (More)
| Sodium Lactate – the Fast Release Electron Donor Newman Zone® contains 4% sodium lactate by weight or 40,000 mg/L (31,880 mg/L lactate). Newman Zone® is normally diluted by a factor of 10 to 100 prior to injection, which results in a concentration of sodium lactate that ranges from 400 to 4,000 mg/L. Lactate releases approximately 45 grams of hydrogen per kilogram of lactate. The lactate in Newman Zone® contains 1.8 grams of hydrogen per kilogram of Newman Zone® or about 3.3% of the total available hydrogen equivalents. Vegetable Oil – the Slow Release Electron Donor Newman Zone® contains 50% vegetable oil by volume or 46% by weight (460,000 mg/L of vegetable oil). In most cases the vegetable oil is soybean oil although other vegetable oils such as canola oil may be used for overseas production if desired. Vegetable oil releases approximately 115 grams of hydrogen per kilogram when it ferments to hydrogen and acetic acid. The vegetable oil in each kilogram of Newman Zone® contains more than 52.9 grams of hydrogen, or about 96.7% of the total available hydrogen equivalents. Food Grade Additives and Stabilizing Agents All food additives have their strengths and weakness and no single surfactant or additive can produce optimal results in a wide range of conditions. The proprietary blend of surfactants in Newman Zone® creates a stable emulsion over a wide range of pH, temperature, water hardness, and dissolved salt concentrations. An emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) that uses a single surfactant such as lecithin becomes vulnerable to failure from hard water, high or low pH, high sodium concentrations, and premature adsorption onto soil particles. Some practitioners have chosen to compensate for the weakness of a single surfactant by providing emulsions with site-specific surfactants, by pre-treatment and post-treatment solutions, etc. Bench scale testing and multiple-step injections greatly add to the cost and complexity of such methods. By using better surfactant science Newman Zone® remains stable in a wide variety of environments and allows for a simple one-step injection. |
Hydrogen Produced by Fermentation Reactions of Common Substrates ( AFCEE, 2004).
Hydrogen Content for Common Organic Substrates ( AFCEE, 2004).
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