Injection of pure vegetable oil is difficult because it has viscosity about 80 times that of water. Injection of pure oil often leads to a severe reduction of water permeability after soil pore throats are blocked by vegetable oil. The viscosity of oil-in-water emulsions are intermediated between that of water and pure oil, decreasing with decreasing vegetable oil content. Unlike pure water or pure vegetable oil oil-in-water emulsions are non-Newtonian fluids and there viscosity decreases with increased shear force (stirring forces), making the test result highly dependant on the test conditions. Below a graph compares pure oil, oil-in-water emulsions and water at the same test conditions in a Brookfield viscometer. The viscosity rapidly approaches that of water as the oil content drops below 5% volume. Using dilute easily dispersed emulsions the Newman Zone injection methods allow you to deliver vegetable oil to any formation that will accept water injection.